Is there any relationship between terrorism and poverty?

For a long time, international relations scholars have been discussing the causes of terrorism. One of the idea raised as a result of these discussions is poverty.

According to scholars such as Krueger and Maleckova (2003), there is a connection between poverty and terrorism. They support that there is a positive correlation between poverty and terrorism. According to Krueger and Maleckova (2003), if poverty is decreased, terrorism also will be decreased.

As a result of these researches, it was decided to investigate this subject in more detail. A data set was prepared in this direction. This data set included global hunger index, number of terrorist attacks, poverty and inequality numbers.

We got the global hunger index data from unicef, poverty and inequality from World bank and number of terrorist attacks from START.

There are 3 variables in this research. These variables are number of terrorist attacks in the World, global hunger index and poverty less than 1.90 usd.

 Firstly, correlation analysis between these three variables was performed. Based on this correlation analysis, no correlation was found between poverty and terror which is the purpose of the research.

            As can be seen in the table, there is no correlation between terrorism and hunger and poverty. After the correlation analysis, linear regression analysis was performed.

Dependent variable:
	Attack
Hunger	4.413
	(3.859)
Constant	30.843
	(94.052)
Observations	69
R2	0.019
Adjusted R2	0.005
Residual Std. Error	371.463 (df = 67)
F Statistic	1.308 (df = 1; 67)
Note:	*p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01

             
                  As could be seen, there is no significant relation between our variables. Linear regression analysis also confirmed the correlation analysis. As can be seen, there is no correlation between terrorism and poverty and hunger. This result is different from many sources in the literature.


REFERENCE:

Krueger, A., & Malečková, J. (2003). Education, Poverty and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 119-144. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216934

What is going on in Venezuela?(3)

Just before dawn on 30 April, another effort at a army coup was initiated by the Venezuelan resistance. The botched coup attempt seemed to have failed by the end of the day, with one of its leaders seeking refuge in the Spanish embassy, 25 of the soldiers involved asylum seeking refuge in the Brazilian embassy and Juan Guaidó in hiding or running.

Many newspapers reported on this issue. In addition, many social media users posted their view on this issue. Some newspapers made positive news about Guaido and some newspapers made positive statements about Maduro. Similarly, social media posts are divided into two.

Therefore, the attitudes of some selected newspapers were examined. These newspapers are CNN, BBC, Sputnik, and Euronews.

In the same way, the most popular 1000 tweets were also examined.

The analyzes were performed using the R programming language.

Firstly, twitter was analyzed. The most popular 1000 tweets during may about Venezuela were reviewed. 

The most commonly used words are Guaido, president and America. There is an objectivity in tweets. Only English tweets were examined. Therefore, these results do not fully reflect the truth.

Secondly the French newspaper euronews was examined. The most used words in the news are Maduro and support. The most used words except Maduro and support are Guaidó, Guaido, opposition and military.

There are 20 positive and 26 negative words related to Maduro and Venezuela in the Euronews newspaper's report on the failed coup in Venezuela. With a simple operation, this news is a negative news about Maduro and Venezuela.

Thirdly the American newspaper CNN was examined. The most used words in the news are Maduro and Guaido. 

 
CNN's report on the failed coup in Venezuela has 52 positive, 55 negative words about the situation in Venezuela and Maduro. With a simple operation, this news is a negative news about Maduro.

The fourth one is the BBC newspaper. In this newspaper, the most used words are Maduro, options and venezuela. After these words Trump, military and Pompeo are the most commonly used words.

There are 16 positive, 54 negative words about the current situation in Venezuela and Maduro in the news of the BBC about failed coup in Venezuela. With a simple process, this news is a negative news about Maduro.

The last newspaper is the Russian Sputnik newspaper. In this newspaper, the most used words are Maduro, President, Venezuela and Guaido. After these words Russia and opposition are the most commonly used words.

Sputnik reported a positive news about Maduro. In a simple process, it seems that the newspaper supports Maduro and Russia's Venezuelan policies.

As it is seen, these newspapers are far from being neutral about Venezuela. Unfortunately, newspapers reflect the attitudes of the countries in which they are located. Therefore, it is very difficult to reach neutral and truth news about Venezuela nowadays.

The code file used can be downloaded from here: https://dosya.co/06f1ygnrj6p6/kod.txt.html

LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OkPICN5Bck

WESTERNERS IN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS(7)

Cihan Kendal is from Germany. He is 25 years old. He is member of YPG. He is the commander of a 12-man unit in Raqqa in Syria. He could speak Kurdish very fluently.

In Germany, he was into anti,Nazi and anti-fascist politics. In 2012, his friend asked him to go Northern Syria and join YPG. After a while, he decided to join YPG.

He thinks that ISIS is against the freedom of the World and he thinks that “Kurdish movement” is actually a revolution.

WESTERNERS IN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS(6)

Mounsef al-Mkhayar is an Italian citizen. He is 22 years old. He is old ISIS member. Mkhayar is one of thousands from all over the world who were drawn to the promise of an ultra-radical Sunni Islamist utopia overriding national borders. Kurdish security officials identified him as Italian, and he said he holds Italian citizenship.

Mkhayar was sentenced to eight years in jail by a Milan court in 2017 for spreading Islamic State propaganda and trying to recruit Italians to its cause, according to Italian media. As a result, he is likely to have to serve this sentence if he does return to Italy.

Before ISIS, he was atheist and he was fan of Rap music. He had dream to move and live in USA. He joined ISIS when he was 18 years old. He had spent most of his life in Milan/Italy. He spent a month in prison on drugs charges.

Mounsef began immersing himself in Islamic State videos on YouTube and speaking to recruiters on Facebook. It took him only a month to decide to move to Syria with a friend four years ago.

                Then, he joined ISIS and he married with someone in Syria.

RELATED LINK: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-islamic-state-italy-ex/exclusive-islamic-state-fighter-wants-to-return-to-italy-warns-of-sleeper-cells-idUKKBN1QQ0ME

Pingtung Trip

Pingtung-Indigenous Park

BRICS’S AFRICAN POLICY: FRIEND OR ENEMY?

In recent years, BRICS’ countries (Brazil, Russia, China, India and South Africa) have become Africa’s biggest economic partner across trade, investment, aid, and infrastructure, there is no other country with such depth and breadth of engagement in Africa. BRICS is a rising power and Africa is a continent that is still developing. There is evidence of an unequal parity of force, both financial and political, between the two areas in today’s worldwide connection. It will ask questions about BRICS’ diversions and strategies, and their suggestions towards the exchange agreements with African states. In this study, China, India and Brazil, which make the biggest investments in Africa, are discussed. This study will examine the researchers conducted by African, non-Western, Western and BRICS’ scholars. Their opinions will be considered objectively. From time to time, this study will compare the opinion of African and Western. This research will examine this association in comparison with Africa’s old colonial powers, and today enormous exchange inclusion with BRICS countries. Mainly qualitative method is used in this research. A number of secondary sources and official documents are collected to support qualitative method in this study. This research aims to analyze Western, non-Western and local’s view about BRICS’ African policy. The main question to answer will be: Is BRICS the best model for the development of Africa? And How do Western and non-Western scholars see BRICS influence in Africa? This study analyses political and socio-economic advantages and disadvantages of BRICS’ Africa policy and relations between BRICS and African states. As a result of this study, two important findings have been reached. The first finding is that the vast majority of non-Western and local scholars have very positive view about BRICS’ African policy. The second finding is that BRICS is neither a neo-colonialist power in Africa in the past nor in the present.
Keywords: BRICS, China, Russia, Brazil, Africa, African’s View, BRICS’ African Policy


RELATED LINK:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331318960_BRICS%27S_AFRICAN_POLICY_FRIEND_OR_ENEMY

WESTERNERS IN TERRORIST ORGANIZATION(5)

Hoda Muthana is 20 years old. She has USA and Canada citizenship. She was born in Canada, Ontorio. She has an American mother and she has a Canadian father. She attended high school in Hoover, Alabama in USA. Then, she started her university education in University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Muthana was first drawn to ISIS in high school reading Twitter and other social media posts. After a while, she decided to join ISIS.

She went and joined ISIS in 2014. She married with three Islamic State fighters.